General developments on the US economy over the last four quarters and its global impact

Despite numerous challenges in 2023, the US economy showed remarkable resilience, avoiding the widely anticipated recession. The fourth quarter saw a growth rate of 3.2%, with a moderated pace that suggests a sustainable recovery trajectory. This stability is critical as it provides a benchmark of economic health that other countries often gauge their economic policies against. The continued strength in the US job market, with an average of 250,000 jobs added per month over the last 12 months, highlights the dynamic nature of the US economy which contributes to global economic confidence.
The Federal Reserve’s decisions throughout 2023 and into 2024 have had far-reaching implications beyond US borders. The Fed’s cautious approach, reflected in its dot plot adjustments and the slowing pace of quantitative tightening, signals a shift towards more accommodative monetary policy. This policy stance is particularly influential, prompting other central banks globally to reassess their positions on interest rates and monetary tightening, given the interconnected nature of the global economy.
US inflation trends have a direct impact on global inflation, given the role of the US dollar in international trade. There is a a stubborn inflation rate around 3.2% since October 2023, influenced by core goods prices and service costs. These inflationary trends have been critical for countries that rely on imports from the US, as they affect import prices and thus domestic inflation. Moreover, the US’s approach to managing inflation sets a precedent for other nations grappling with similar economic challenges.
The resilience of the US markets, with equities reaching all-time highs and robust corporate profits despite global uncertainties, have been sending strong signals to global markets. This performance is usually a barometer of investor confidence and influences foreign markets by attracting international investments into US equities and bonds. Furthermore, the stabilization of the US bond market presents an attractive proposition for global investors looking for safe but profitable investments, influencing bond yields and investment strategies worldwide.
The economic directions indicated by the US affect global investment strategies. With the US economy projected to continue its expansion in 2024, global investors have been encouraged to diversify their portfolios across various US asset classes. The attractiveness of US financial instruments, due to higher yields and the potential for substantial returns as outlined in the report, makes the US market a focal point for global capital flows.
Emerging markets have been particularly susceptible to shifts in US economic policy and market dynamics. The US dollar’s strength, alongside the economic policy decisions made by the Federal Reserve, can significantly influence capital flows to and from these markets. As the US continues to show economic strength, emerging markets may see increased foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows but also face challenges such as currency volatility and capital outflows.
In conclusion, the US economy’s performance not only shapes domestic policy but also sets trends that affect the global economic landscape. Its recovery and growth trajectory provide stability and confidence in the global market, influencing monetary policies, investment strategies, and economic decisions worldwide. As the US navigates inflationary pressures and policy adjustments, the global economy watches closely, often mirroring or reacting to these moves. The interconnectedness highlighted by these dynamics underscores the US’s pivotal role in shaping not just its economic destiny but also that of the global community.
We therefore underscore the importance for global economic stakeholders to closely monitor US economic indicators and policy shifts, as these factors have cascading effects on global economic stability and growth prospects.

Manuel G Samuel, 24 April 2024